BSC AG SYLLABUS 1st SEMESTER
1st Semester Topic Wise Syllabus
B.SC AGRICULTURE SYLLABUS
Fundamentals of Horticulture (1+1=2)
Theory
, Horticulture - Its definition and branches, importance and scope; horticultural and botanical classification; climate and soil for horticultural crops; Plant propagation-methods and propagating structures; Seed dormancy, Seed germination, principles of orchard establishment; Principles and methods of training and pruning, juvenility and flower bud differentiation; unfruitfulness; pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy; medicinal and aromatic plants; importance of plant bio-regulators in horticulture. Irrigation – methods, Fertilizer application in horticultural crops.
Practical
- Identification of garden tools.
- Identification of horticultural crops.
- Preparation of seed bed/ nursery bed.
- Practice of sexual and asexual methods of propagation including micro-propagation.
- Layout and planting of orchard. Training and pruning of fruit trees.
- Preparation of potting mixture.
- Fertilizer application in different crops.
- Visits to commercial nurseries/orchard.
Fundamentals of Genetics (2+1=3)
Theory
Pre and Post Mendelian concepts of heredity, Mendelian principles of heredity.
Architecture of chromosome; chromonematic, chromosome matrix, chromomeres, centromere,
secondary constriction and telomere; special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal theory of
inheritance- cell cycle and cell division- mitosis and meiosis. Probability and Chi-square.
Dominance relationships, Epistatic interactions with example.
Multiple alleles, pleiotropism and pseudo alleles, Sex determination and sex linkage, sex
limited and sex influenced traits, Blood group genetics, Linkage and its estimation, crossing over
mechanisms, chromosome mapping. Structural and numerical variations in chromosome and their implications, Use of haploids, diploids and doubled haploids in Genetics. Mutation,
classification, Methods of inducing mutations & CIB technique, mutagenic agents and induction of
mutation. Qualitative & Quantitative traits, Polygenes and continuous variations, multiple factor
hypothesis, Cytoplasmic inheritance. Genetic disorders. Nature, structure & replication of genetic
material. Protein synthesis, Transcription and translational mechanism of genetic material, Gene
concept: Gene structure, function and regulation, Lac and Trap operons.
Practical
- Study of microscope.
- Study of cell structure.
- Mitosis and Meiosis cell division.
- Experiments on monohybrid, dihybrid, trihybrid, test cross and back cross,
- Experiments on epistatic interactions including test cross and back cross,
- Practice on mitotic and meiotic cell division,
- Experiments on probability and Chi-square test.
- Determination of linkage and cross-over analysis (through two point test cross and three point test cross data).
- Study on sex linked inheritance in Drosophila.
- Study of models on DNA and RNA structures.
Fundamentals of Soil Science-I (2+1=3)
Theory
Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological concepts of soil; Soil genesis: soil
forming rocks and minerals; weathering, processes and factors of soil formation; Soil
Profile, components of soil; Soil physical properties: soil texture- Methods of particle
size analysis, structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistence and plasticity;
Elementary knowledge of soil taxonomy classification and soils of India; Soil water
retention, movement and availability; soil air, composition; source, amount and flow of
heat in soil; soil temperature and plant growth; Soil reaction-pH, soil acidity and
alkalinity, buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability; soil colloids - inorganic and
organic; silicate clays: constitution and properties; sources of charge ion exchange, cation
exchange capacity, base saturation; soil organic matter: composition, properties and its
influence on soil properties; humic substances - nature and properties; soil organisms:
macro and micro organisms, their beneficial and harmful effects.
Practical
- Study of soil sampling tools, collection of representative soil sample, its processing and storage.
- Study of soil profile in field.
- Study of soil forming rocks and minerals.
- Determination of particle density and bulk density of soil and computation of porosity,
- Determination of soil moisture content and maximum water holding capacity and computation of moisture constants.
- Determination of soil texture by feel and international pipette method.
- Studies of capillary rise phenomenon of water in soil column and water movement in soil.
- Study of soil map. Determination of soil colour.
- Demonstration of heat transfer in soil.
- Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity.
- Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil.
- Estimation of organic matter content of soil.
Introduction to Forestry (1+1=2)
Theory
Introduction – definitions of basic terms related to forestry, objectives of silviculture, forest
classification, salient features of Indian Forest Policies. Forest regeneration, Natural regeneration -
natural regeneration from seed and vegetative parts, coppicing, pollarding, root suckers; Artificial
regeneration – objectives, choice between natural and artificial regeneration, essential preliminary
considerations. Crown classification. Tending operations – weeding, cleaning, thinning –
mechanical, ordinary, crown and advance thinning. Forest mensuration – objectives, diameter
measurement, instruments used in diameter measurement; Non instrumental methods of height
measurement - shadow and single pole method; Instrumental methods of height measurement
- geometric and trigonometric principles, instruments used in height measurement; tree stem
form, form factor, form quotient, measurement of volume of felled and standing trees, age
determination of trees. Agroforestry – definitions, importance, criteria of selection of trees in
agroforestry, different agroforestry systems prevalent in the country, shifting cultivation, taungya,
alley cropping, wind breaks and shelter belts, home gardens. Cultivation practices of two important
fast growing tree species of the region
Practical
- Identification of tree-species.
- Diameter measurements using calipers and tape, diameter measurements of forked, buttressed, fluted and leaning trees.
- Height measurement of standing trees by shadow method, single pole method and hypsometer.
- Volume measurement of logs using various formulae.
- Nursery lay out, seed sowing, vegetative propagation techniques.
- Forest plantations and their management.
- Visits of nearby forest based industries.
Communication Skills and Personality Development (1+1=2)
Theory
Communication: meaning, definition and importance. Models of communication process
with its key elements. Principles, Functions and level of Communication. Fidelity and
barriers in communication. Communication skill- definition and types of communication
skills. Extension teaching methods: meaning, classification, individual, group and mass
contact methods. Transfer of technology: concept and models. Training centers
(MANGE, EEI, SAMETI, KVK) for capacity building of extension personnel. ICT
Application in TOT (New and Social Media), media mix strategies. Agriculture
Journalism. Importance and Advantages. Diffusion and adoption of innovation: concept
and meaning, process and stages of adoption, adopter categories. Personality: definition,
meaning and nature. Importance of personality, Traits, Types and Characteristics of
personality. Factors influencing the growth and Development of personality. Methods of
measuring personality. Advantages and Disadvantages of personality.
Practical
- Acquaint with university extension system.
- Organizing the Group Discussion.
- Handling and use of audio-visual equipment's.(Digital camera and LCD Projector).
- Preparation and use of audio-visual aids.
- Preparation of extension literatures (Leaflet, Booklet, Folder, Pamphlet, News and Success stories). Skill exercise on preparing of ppt for effective presentation. Exposure visit to mass media station (Community radio and television studio for understanding the process of programmes production).
- Script writing for print and electronic medias (Developing script for print, radio and television).
- Skills for facing an interview
Fundamentals of Agronomy-I (3+1=4)
Theory
Agronomy and its scope, seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and geometry,
Crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, crop rotation and its
principles, adaptation and distribution of crops, Harvesting and threshing of crops.Weedsimportance, classification, crop-weed competition, concepts of weed management,
principles and methods, herbicides- classification, selectivity and resistance, allelopathy
Practical
- Identification of crops, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and tillage implements,
- study of agroclimatic zones of India,
- Identification of weeds in crops,
- Methods of herbicide and fertilizer application,
- Study of yield contributing characters and yield estimation, Seed germination and viability test
- Numerical exercises on fertilizer requirement, plant population and herbicides.
- Use of tillage implements-reversible plough, one way plough, harrow, leveler, seed drill
Fundamentals of Crop Physiology 2(1+1)
Theory
Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, osmosis inhibition, diffusion, water
potential and its components, measurement of water potential in plants, absorption of water,
mechanism of absorption and ascent of sap. Stomata: Structure, distribution, classification,
mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Osmotic pressure, guttation, stem bleeding;
transpiration methods and mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Drought: Different types of
stresses; water, heat and cold tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Plant Nutrition: Essentiality,
mechanism of absorption and its role in plant metabolism. Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Photosynthesis, structure and function of chloroplast, dark and light reactions, cyclic and non-cyclic
electron transfer, CO2 fixation – C3, C4 and CA metabolism, advantages of C4 pathway.
Photorespiration and its implications, factors affecting photosynthesis. Mode of herbicide action,
Secondary metabolites and plant defense.
Practical
Measurement of water potential, osmosis, root pressure, structure of the stomata, distribution,
opening and closing of the stomata, measurement, transpiration and calculation of transpiration pull
demonstration. Importance of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis, pigment identification in
horticultural crops and studying the enzyme activity of catalase, estimation of phenols, studying plant
movements, root initiation in cuttings.
Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics 2(2+0)
Theory:
Nature and scope of economics, definition and concepts, divisions of economics, economic systems,
approaches to the study of economics. Consumption – theory of consumer behaviour, laws of
consumption, classification of goods. Wants – their characteristics and classification, utility and its
measurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of diminishing marginal utility, law of equi-marginal utility,
indifference curve and its properties. Theory of demand, demand schedule and curve, market demand. Price, income and cross elasticities, Engel's law of family expenditure – consumer’s surplus.
Theory of firm, factors of production – land and its characteristics, labour and division of labour,
theories of population. Capital and its characteristics – classification and capital formation.
Enterprises – forms of business organization – merits and demerits. Laws or return – law of
diminishing marginal return, Law of supply – supply schedule and curve elasticities. Market
equilibrium, Marketing- definition – Marketing Process – Need for marketing – Role of marketing ––
Marketing functions – Classification of markets – Marketing channels – Price spread – Marketing
Efficiency – Integration – Constraints in marketing of agricultural produce. Market intelligence,
Concept of future market
Practical:
Preparation of Bankable projects for various agricultural products and its value added products.
Identification of marketing channel– Calculation of Price Spread – Identification of Market Structure
– Visit to different Markets.
Elementary Mathematics*2(2+0)
Elementary Mathematics (For Agriculture and Horticulture Faculty)
Theory
Straight lines : Distance formula, section formula (internal and external division), Change of axes
(only origin changed), Equation of co-ordinate axes, Equation of lines parallel to axes, Slope-intercept
form of equation of line, Slope-point form of equation of line, Two point form of equation of line,
Intercept form of equation of line, Normal form of equation of line, General form of equation of line,
Point of intersection of two St. lines, Angles between two st. lines, Parallel lines, Perpendicular lines,
Angle of bisectors between two lines, Area of triangle and quadrilateral. Circle: Equation of circle
whose center and radius is known, General equation of a circle, Equation of circle passing through
three given points, Equation of circle whose diameters is line joining two points (x1, y1) & (x2,y2),
Tangent and Normal to a given circle at given point (Simple problems), Condition of tangency of a
line y = mx + c to the given circle x2
+ y2
= a2
.Differential Calculus : Definition of function, limit and
continuity, Simple problems on limit, Simple problems on continuity, Differentiation of xn
, ex
, sin x and cos x from first principle, Derivatives of sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions,
Differentiation of functions of functions (Simple problems based on it), Logarithmic differentiation
(Simple problems based on it),
Differentiation by substitution method and simple problems based on
it, Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric functions. Maxima and Minima of the functions of the
form y=f (x) (Simple problems based on it).
Integral Calculus : Integration of simple functions, Integration of Product of two functions,
Integration by substitution method, Definite Integral (simple problems based on it),
Area under simple
well-known curves (simple problems based on it).
Matrices and Determinants: Definition of Matrices, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Transpose
and Inverse up to 3rd order, Properties of determinants up to 3rd order and their evaluate.
Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology2(2+0)
Theory
Sociology and Rural Sociology-Meaning, Definition, Scope, its significance in Agricultural
Extension, Indian Rural Society-Important characteristics, Differences and Relationship between
Rural and Urban societies; Social Groups – Meaning, Definition, Classification, Factors considered in
formation and organization of groups, Motivation in group formation and Role of Social groups in
Agricultural Extension; Social Stratification – Meaning, Definition, Functions, Basis for stratification,
Forms of Social stratification – Characteristics and – Differences between Class & Caste System; Cultural concepts – Culture, Customs, Folkways, Mores, Taboos, Rituals and Traditions – Meaning,
Definition and their Role in Agricultural Extension; Social Institutions – Meaning, Definition, Major
institutions in Rural society, Functions and their Role in Agricultural Extension; Social change –
Meaning, Definition, Nature of Social change, Dimensions of social change and factors of social
change.
Psychology and Educational Psychology – Meaning, Definition, Scope and Importance of Educational
Psychology in Agricultural Extension; Behaviour: Cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain,
Intelligence – Meaning, Definition, Types, Factors affecting intelligence and Importance of
intelligence in Agricultural Extension; Personality – Meaning, Definition, Types, Factors influencing
the Personality and Role of personality in Agricultural Extension; Motivation – Meaning, Definition,
Motivation cycle, Types, Classification of Motives, Theories of motivation, Techniques of motivation
and Role of Motivation in Agricultural Extension; Teaching – Learning process – Meaning and
Definition of Teaching, Learning, Learning experience and Learning situation, Elements of learning
situation and its characteristics; Principles of learning.
Human Values & Ethics (non gradial)1(1+0)**
Theory
Values and Ethics-An Introduction., Goal and Mission of Life. Vision of Life. Principles and
Philosophy. Self Exploration Self Awareness. Self Satisfaction. Decision
Making. Motivation. Sensitivity. Success. Selfless Service. Case Study of Ethical Lives. Positive
Spirit. Body, Mind and Soul. Attachment and Detachment. Spirituality Quotient.
Examination
NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices**2(0+2)
National Service Scheme, Physical Education and Yoga practices
Introduction and basic components of NSS:
Orientation:-
history, objectives, principles, symbol, badge; regular programmes under NSS,
organizational structure of NSS, code of conduct for NSS volunteers, points to be considered by NSS
volunteers awareness about health
NSS programmes and activities
Concept of regular activities, special camping, day camps, basis of adoption of village/slums,
conducting survey, analysing guiding financial patterns of scheme, youth programme/ schemes of
GOI, coordination with different agencies and maintenance of diary
Understanding youth
Definition, profile, profile, categories, issues and challenges of youth; and opportunities for youth
who is agent of the social change
Community mobilisation
Mapping of community stakeholders, designing the message as per problems and their culture;
identifying methods of mobilisation involving youth-adult partnership
Social harmony and national
integration
Indian history and culture, role of youth in nation building, conflict resolution and peace-building
Volunteerism and shramdan
Indian tradition of volunteerism, its need, importance, motivation and constraints; shramdan as part of
volunteerism
Citizenship, constitution and human rights
Basic features of constitution of India, fundamental rights and duties, human rights, consumer
awareness and rights and rights to information
Family and society
Concept of family, community (PRIs and other community based organisations) and society
Physical Education and Yoga
Introduction to physical education. Posture, exercise for good posture, physical fitness exercises for
agility, strength, coordination, endurance and speed. Rules are regulations of important games, skill
development in any one of the games – football, hockey, cricket, volleyball, ball badminton, throw
ball, tennikoit. Participation in one of the indoor games – shuttle badminton, chess and table
tennis.Rules and regulations of athletic events, participation in any one of the athletic events – broad
jump, high jump, triple jump, javelin throw, discuss throw, shot put, short and long distance running,
Safety education, movement education, effective way of doing day-to-day activities. First-aid
training, coaching for major games and indoor games.Asans and indigenous ways for physical fitness
and curative exercises.Exercises and games for leisure time, use and experience.
Yoga practices
Note: Warming up and conditioning exercises are compulsory before the commencement of each
class.
Comprehension and Communication Skill in English 2(1+1)
Theory
War Minus Shooting- The sporting Spirit. A Dilemma- A layman looks at science Raymond B.
Fosdick. You and Your English – Spoken English and broken English G.B. Shaw.
Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary- Antonym, Synonym, Homophones, Homonyms, often confused words.
Exercises to Help the students in the enrichment of vocabulary based on TOEFL and other
competitive examinations. Functional grammar: Articles, Prepositions, Verb, Subject verb
Agreement, Transformation, Synthesis, Direct and Indirect Narration. Written Skills: Paragraph
writing, Precise writing, Report writing and Proposal wriing. The Style: Importance of professional
writing. Preparation of Curriculum Vitae and Job applications.
Synopsis Writing. Interviews: kinds,
Importance and process
.
Practical
Listening Comprehension: Listening to short talks lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial and
general in nature). Oral Communication: Phonetics, stress and intonation, Conversation practice.
Conversation: rate of speech, clarity of voice, speaking and Listening, politeness & Reading skills:
reading dialogues, rapid reading, intensive reading, improving reading skills. Mock Interviews: testing
initiative, team spirit, leadership, intellectual ability. Group Discussions.
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